Pterygodermatites cahirensis

Pterygodermatites cahirensis

<p align="CENTER"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Pterygodermatites cahirensis </b></i></span><span style="font-size: large;"><b>(Jägerskiöld, 1909) Barus, Petavy, Deblock, and Tenora, 1996</b></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>ETYMOLOGY:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygo</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> = wing and </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>dermatites</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> refering to the lateroventral cuticular spines or wings and </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> referring to the original description being from cats in Cairo, Egypt.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>SYNONYMS:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jägerskiöld, 1909</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HISTORY:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> This worm was originally described by Jägerskiöld in 1904 in an abstract describing specimens collected from a cat in Egypt, but the name was considered a </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>nomen</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>nudum</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> until it was republished in a paper in 1909. For a period of time, it was considered to be a synonym of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jägerskiöld, 1909, and has also appeared under the name of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygodermatites</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">. In 1996, Barus et al. reexamined </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> and several other species within the genus </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygodermatites</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> and determined that </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> was a valid species occurring mainly in felids.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> This worm has been reported from cats in North Africa and the Middle East (Abdul Salam and Baker, 1990; Dalimi and Mobedi, 1992; Daoud et al., 1988; Jägerskiöld, 1909; Quentin et al., 1976; Witenberg, 1928). The worm has also been reported from cats in India (Arya, 1979 &amp; 1980; Gupta and Pande, 1970 &amp; 1977; Srivastava, 1940)</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LOCATION IN HOST:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Small intestine.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>PARASITE IDENTIFICATION: </b></span><span style="font-size: medium;">These are white worms. The females are 8.75 to 13.5 mm long and the maoles are 3.7 to 4.8 mm long. (Jägerskiöld, 1909). The number of lateroventral spines on the male are 96 and the number of cuticular ornamentations on the lateroventral flanges of the female is 126 to 135. The ovoid eggs contain a larva, are thick shelled, and are about 30 </span><span style="font-family: 'WP MathA';"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">m by 40 </span><span style="font-family: 'WP MathA';"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span><span style="font-size: medium;">m. The distictive feature of the worm is the lateral appearance of the sclerotized buccal capsule which can be used to distinguish this species from that of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygodermatites</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> of the fox. </span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LIFE CYCLE:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> The first intermediate host of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygodermatites</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> is an arthropod, and Quentin et al. (1976) found larvae in the insect </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Tachyderma</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>hispida</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> in Algeria. When these larvae were fed to a young cat, eggs appeared in the feces 38 days later. Witenberg (1928) and Gupta and Pande (1970) found larvae encapsulated in the wall of the intestine and in abdominal mesenteries of lizards. Gupta and Pande (1970) using larvae recovered from these lizards, successfully infected a cat experimentally. Gupta and Pande (1977) using larvae recovered from a naturally infected frog, </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rana</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>tigrina</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">, infected puppies and found a prepatent period of 25 to 40 days.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATHOGENESIS:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> There have been no descriptions of signs associated with infections of cats with this parasite.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TREATMENT:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> There have been no attempts at treating infected cats.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>EPIZOOTIOLOGY:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> The life cycle requires an arthropod intermediate host and amphibian and reptilian paratenic hosts. Thus, cats become infected by the ingestion of these hosts.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARDS TO OTHER ANIMALS:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> None.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO HUMANS:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> None.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CONTROL/PREVENTION:</b></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Prevention of hunting by cats with a predisposition to prey on lizards and arthropods.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>REFERENCES:</b></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Abdul Salam J, Baker K. 1990. Prevalence of intestinal helminths in stray cats in Kuwait. Pak Vet J 10:17-21.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Arya SN. 1979. Redescription of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jägerskiöld, 1904 from the cat (</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Felis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>domesticus</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">) from Jodhpur, India. Parasitologia Hungarica 12:87-89.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Arya SN. 1980. First record of male of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jägerskiöld, 1904 (Nematoda: Rictularioidea) from a cat, </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Felis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>domesticus</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> in India. Ind J Parasitol 4:35-36.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Barus V, Petavy AF, Deblock S, Tenora F. 1996. On </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygodermatities</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Multipectines</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">) </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> and other species of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Multipectines</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Nematoda, Rictulariidae). Helminthologia 33:93-100.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dalimi A, Mobedi I. 1992. Helminth parasites of carnivores in northern Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 86:395-397.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Daoud IS, Al Tae ARA, Salman YJ. 1988. Prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths in cats from Iraq. J Biol Sci Res 19:363-368.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gibbs HC. 1957. The taxonomic status of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jägerskiöld, 1909, </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictulaia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jägerskiöld, 1909, and </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>splendida</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Hall, 1913. Can J Zool 35:405-410.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gupta VP, Pande BP. 1970. </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Hemidactylus</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>flaviviridis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">, a paratenic host of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">. Current Science 23:535-536.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gupta VP, Pande BP. 1977. Development of re-encapsulated larva of </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> in experimental pups. Ind J Parasitol 1:177-180.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jägerskiöld LAKE. 1909. Nematoden aus Aegypten und dem Sudan (eigesammelt von der schwedischen zoologischen Expedition). Results Swedish Zoological Expedition Egypt and White Nile 1901 (Jägerskiöld). pt 3, 66 pages, 4 plates.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Miquel J, Cassanova JC, Tenora F, Felieu C, Torres J. 1995. A scanning electron microscope study of some Rictulariidae (Nematoda) parasites of Iberian mammals. Helminthologia 32:3-14.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Quentin JC, Seureau C, Vernet R. 1976. Cycle biologique du nJmatode rictulaire </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Pterygodermatites</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (</span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Multipectines</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;">) </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>affinis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Jägerskiöld, 1904). Ann Parasitol Hum Compar 51:51-64.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Srivastava HD. 1940. An unrecorded spirurid worm, </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cahirensis</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Jagerskiold, 1904, from the intestine of an Indian cat. Ind J Vet Sci An Husb 10:113-114.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Tiner JD. 1948. Observations on the </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Rictularia</i></span><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Nematoda: Thelaziidae) of North America. Trans Am Micro Soc. 67:192-200.</span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-size: medium;">Witenberg GG. 1928. Reptilien als Zchwischenwirte parasitischer Würmer von Katze und Hund. Tierärztl Rundschau 34:603.</span></p>