Paragonimus skrjabini

Paragonimus skrjabini

<p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Paragonimus skrjabini</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> Chen, 1960</b></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>ETYMOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Para</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> = side-by-side and </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>gonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> = gonads along with </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>skrjabini </i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">= for Dr. Skrjabin, a Russian helminthologist.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>SYNONYMS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus szechuanensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Chung and Tsao, 1962.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HISTORY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus skrjabini</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> was described from a civet </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paguma larvata</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> in China. Chung and Tsao (1962) found the same worm in a cat and described it a as a separate species.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> China. </span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LOCATION IN HOST:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> In cysts in the lungs.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>PARASITE IDENTIFICATION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Species of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus </i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">are 7 to 12 mm long, 4 to 8 mm wide, and quite thick, i.e., 4 to 6 mm. Differentiation of the Asian species of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> is discussed under </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus westermani</i></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The eggs have a brown shell, a distinct operculum, and occasionally a knob on the abopercular end; eggs average 80 by 48 µm.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LIFE CYCLE:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Similar to that of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus westermani</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. The snail hosts are species of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Tricula and Akiyoshia</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> and the crab hosts are species of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Sinopotamon</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATHOGENESIS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Not described in cats.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TREATMENT:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Probably praziquantel.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>EPIZOOTIOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Hosts include civets, cats, and dogs.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO OTHER ANIMALS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> If mammals ingest the infected crab, there is a possibility that larval flukes will penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate into the abdominal cavity. In permissive hosts, the flukes will go onto develop in the lungs while in some hosts the flukes will persist as in the swine paratenic host. In all these hosts, there is the possibility for associated pathology.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO HUMANS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Human infections with </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus skrjabini</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> often present with flukes in ectopic locations, especially in subcutaneous tissues.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>REFERENCES:</b></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Chen HT. 1960. Taxonomic consideration of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">, including morphological notes on </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>P</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>skrjabini</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. Acta Zoologica Sinica 12:27-36.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Chung HL, Tsao WC. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>westermani</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Szechuan variety) and a new species of lung fluke - </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Paragonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>szechuanensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. Part I. Studies on morphological and life history of paragonimiasis szechuanensis - a new clinical entity. Chin Med J 81:419-434.</span></span></p>