Revision for “Trematodes of the Small Intestine” created on June 13, 2014 @ 14:22:58
| Title | Trematodes of the Small Intestine |
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| Content | <p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Trematodes of the Small Intestine</b></span></span></p>
<p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This is by far the largest group of trematodes found in the cat. Trematodes differ from other helminths in that they are often less discriminating in their requirements for a final host. For this reason, cats can harbor a large number of trematodes that they share with other animals that might eat the same intermediate hosts containing the arrested metacercarial stage. For example, if a trematode uses a fish as a second intermediate host, it might grow to adulthood in a cat, a dog, a piscivorous bird, an otter, or a raccoon. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to be certain whether the "true” final host is the cat or some other animal. Also, there are reports of worms being recovered on single or only a few occasions because cats are becoming infected when they accidentally ingest a metacercarial-containing meal meant for another host.</span></span></p>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">CYATHOCOTYLIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Mesostephanus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>milvi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Yamaguti, 1939</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i> Prohemistomum vivax</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Sonsino, 1893) Azim, 1933</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">DIPLOSTOMATIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Alaria</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>marcianae</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (LaRue, 1917) Walton, 1949</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i> Cynodiplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>azimi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Gohar, 1933) Dubois, 1936</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Fibricola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>minor</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Dubois, 1936</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i> Pharyngostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>cordatum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Diesing, 1850) Ciurea, 1922</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">ECHINOSTOMATIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Echinochasminae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Echinochasmus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>perfoliatus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Ratz, 1908) Dietz, 1909</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Echinochasmus breviviteilus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Fahmy, Khalifa, Sakla, 1981</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Echinochasmus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>liliputanus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Looss, 1896) Odhner, 1911</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Episthmium</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>caninum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Verma, 1935) Chatterji, 1954</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Stephanoprora</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>denticulatoides</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Isaichikoff, 1925</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Echinostominae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Artyfechinostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>sufrartyfex</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Schrank, 1788) Lühe, 1909</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Isthmiophora</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>melis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Schrank, 1788) Lühe, 1909</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Echinoparyphium</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Dietz, 1909</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">HETEROPHYIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Apophallinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Apophallus donicus </i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(Skrjabin & Lindtrop, 1919) Cameron, 1936</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i> Apophallus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>venustus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Ransom, 1920) Cameron, 1936</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Apophallus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>muehlingi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Jägerskiöld, 1899) Lühe, 1909</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Ascocotylinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>ascolonga</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Witenberg, 1929) Travassos, 1930</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>longicollis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Kuntz and Chandler, 1956) Soganderes-Bernal and Lumsden, 1963</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>minuta</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Looss, 1899</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>angrense</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Travassos, 1916</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>longa</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Ransom, 1921</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle pachycystis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Schroeder and Leigh, 1965</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Ascocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>arnoldoi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Travassos, 1928) Soganderes-Bernal and Lumsden, 1963</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Centrocestinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Centrocestus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>caninus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Leiper, 1913</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pygidiopsis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>genata</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Looss, 1907</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pygidiopsis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>summa</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Onji and Nishio, 1916</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Pygidiopsoides</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>spindalis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Martin, 1951</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Cryptocotylinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Cryptocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>lingua</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Creplin, 1825) Fischoeder, 1903</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Cryptocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>concavum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Creplin, 1825) Lühe, 1899</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Cryptocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>quinqueangularis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Skrjabin, 1923)</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Euryheminthinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Euryhelmis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>squamula</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Rudolphi, 1819) Poche, 1926</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Euryhelmis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>monorchis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Ameel, 1938</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Euryhelmis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>pacifica</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Senger and Macy, 1952</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Galactosominae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Galactosomum </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>fregatae</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Prudhoe, 1949</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Haplorchiinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Haplorchis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>pumilio</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Looss, 1896) Looss, 1899</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Haplorchis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>yokogawai</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Katsuta, 1932) Chen, 1936</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Haplorchis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>taichui</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Nishigori, 1924) Witenberg, 1930</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Haplorchis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>sprenti</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Pearson, 1964</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Haplorchis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>parataichui</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Pearson, 1964</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Procerovum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>varium</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Onji and Nishio, 1916</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Procerovum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>calderoni</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Africa and Garcia, 1935) Price, 1940</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Stellantchasmus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>falcatus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Onji and Nishio, 1916</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Heterophyinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Heterophyes</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>heterophyes</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Siebold, 1852) Stiles and Hassal, 1900</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Heterophyes</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>aequalis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Looss, 1902</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Heterophyopsis continua </i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(Onji & Nishi, 1916) Tubangui & Africa, 1938</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Metagoniminae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Metagonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>yokogawai</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (Katsurada, 1912) Katsurada, 1912</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Metagonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>takahashii</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Suzuki, 1930</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Dexiogonimus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>ciureanus</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Witenberg, 1929</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Stictodoriinae</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Stictodora</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>sawakinensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Looss, 1899</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Stictodora thapari</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Witenberg, 1953 MICROPHALLIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Microphalloides</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>vajrasthirae</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Waikagul, 1983.</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">PLAGIORCHIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i>Plagiorchis massino</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Petrov & Tikhonov, 1927</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">NANOPHYETIDAE</span></span>
<span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i> Nanophyetus salmincola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> Chapin, 1928</span></span>
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