Cynodiplostomum azimi

Cynodiplostomum azimi

<p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Cynodiplostomum</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>azimi</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> (Gohar, 1933) Dubois, 1936</b></span></span></p> <p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;">(Fig. 2-8)</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>ETYMOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cyno</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (dog) + </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>diplo</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (two) + </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>stomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (mouth) and </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>azimi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> for Dr. Azim</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>SYNONYMS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Diplostomum azimi </i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gohar, 1933; </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cynodiplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>namrui</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Kuntz and Chandler, 1956.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HISTORY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This trematode was originally described from a dog in Cairo, Egypt, by Gohar (1933). It was later placed in the newly created genus </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cynodiplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> by Dubois in 1936.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Egypt.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LOCATION IN HOST:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Small intestine.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>PARASITE IDENTIFICATION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> These are small trematodes that are 0.75 to 1.2 mm long and about twice as long as they are wide. They differ from </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Alaria</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (described above) in that the tribocytic organ is more circular, the vitellaria are in the forebody and hindbody, and the ovary is opposite to the anterior testis rather than anterior to this testis. Eggs measure 100 to 110 µm by 60 to 67 µm.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LIFE CYCLE:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The life cycle of this genus is not known. It is believed to be similar to </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Alaria</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> and other related forms.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATHOGENESIS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> There are no reports of clinical disease in cats. The only report is from the necropsy of stray cats in Egypt without any mention of clinical presentation.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TREATMENT:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Probably praziquantel, but not reported.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>EPIZOOTIOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This parasite was found in 7 of 48 Egyptian cats; in the same study, it was found in 2 of 3 dogs (Kuntz &amp; Chandler, 1956). A very similar parasite, </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Diplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>tregenna</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">, was reported from 5% of dogs in Cairo (Azim, 1938), and this may be the same parasite.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO OTHER ANIMALS: </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">None. Although other hosts are infected, the major means of infection is through the ingestion of the intermediate host which requires that the appropriate snail also be available.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO HUMANS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> None.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CONTROL/PREVENTION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> It is not known what intermediate host harbors the larval stage, although fish are the suspected host.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>REFERENCES:</b></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Azim MA. 1938. On the intestinal helminths of dogs in Egypt. J Egypt Med Assoc 21:??????</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gohar M. 1933. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Diplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>azimi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> sp. n., a new trematode parasite of the dog. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 11:302-306.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dubois G. 1936. Noveaux principes de classification des Trématodes du groupe des Strigeida. Note préliminaire. Rev suiss Zool. 43:507-515.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Kuntz RE, Chandler AC. 1956. Studies on Egyptian trematodes with special reference to the Heterophyids of mammals. I. Adult flukes, with descriptions of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Phagicola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>longicollis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> n. sp., </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cynodiplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>namrui</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> n.sp., and a </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Stephanoprora</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> from cats. J Parasitol. 42:445-459.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Figure 2-8.</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cynodiplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>azimi</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> collected from a domestic cat in Egypt</span></span></p>