Fibricola minor

Fibricola minor

<p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Fibricola</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>minor</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> Dubois, 1936</b></span></span></p> <p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;">(Figure 2-9)</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">0</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>ETYMOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibri</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> = fiber + </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> = colon and </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>minor</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> for the small size</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>SYNONYMS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> None.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HISTORY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This worm was originally described from Australian rodents, </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Hydromys chrysogaster</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">, by Dubois (1936).</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION: </b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Seven specimens of this species were collected from a cat in Ross, Tasmania, Australia (Dubois, 1978). Four of 59 cats (6.8%) collected from the Tasmanian midlands were found to be infected with this parasite (Gregory and Munday, 1976).</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LOCATION IN HOST:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Small intestine.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>PARASITE IDENTIFICATION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> These are small trematodes about 0.5 to 0.75 mm long. </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> differs from </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Alaria</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> and </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cynodiplostomum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> in that it has no pseudosuckers on either side of the oral sucker and the testes are tandem </span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LIFE CYCLE:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The life cycle of this species is not known. It has been described for the related American species </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>texensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Chandler 1942; Leigh, 1954). Eggs passed into the environment in the feces of the natural host, the raccoon, require about 2 weeks of development before they hatch. The miracidium penetrates a snail of the genus </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Physa</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> wherein it produces sporocysts. The cercaria that is produced is pharyngeate and longifurcate with colorless eyespots; the body is covered with small spines. The cercaria penetrates tadpoles and develops to the metacercarial stage. The metacercariae have been experimentally passed to chameleons and frogs by feeding of metacercariae from tadpoles. In the raccoon, the adults developed in 10 days after being fed metacercariae. Feeding metacercariae of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola texensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> to kittens did not result in patent infections. In Korea, metacercariae of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola seoulensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> harvested from the viscera of a snake, </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Natrix tigrina lateralis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">, have been shown to be capable of developing to the adult stage in cats (Hong </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>et al</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">., 1983). </span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATHOGENESIS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> There are no reports of clinical disease in cats. The only report is from the necropsy of stray cats in Tasmania without any mention of clinical presentation.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TREATMENT:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Probably praziquantel, but not reported.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>EPIZOOTIOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The rodents serve as the major host of this parasite, and cats are probably only incidentally infected.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO OTHER ANIMALS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> None. Although other hosts are infected, the major means of infection is through the ingestion of the intermediate host which requires that the appropriate snail also be available.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO HUMANS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> None.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CONTROL/PREVENTION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> It is not known what intermediate host harbors the larval stage, although frogs and other paratenic hosts are possibilities.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>REFERENCES:</b></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Chandler AC. 1942. The morphology and life cycle of a new strigeid, </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>texensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">, parasitic in raccoons. Trans Am Mic Soc 61:156-167.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dubois G. 1978. Notes helminthologiques IV. Strigeidae Railliet, Diplostomidae Poirier, Proterdiplostomidae Dubois et Cyathocotylidae Poche (Trematoda). Rev suiss Zool 85:607-615.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Gregory GG, Munday BL. 1976. Intestinal parasites of feral cats from the Tasmanian Midlands and King Island. Austral Vet J 52:317-320.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Hong SJ, Lee SH, Seo BS, hong ST, Chai JY. 1983. Studies on Intestinal trematodes in Korea. IX. Recovery rate and development of Fibricola seoulensis in experimental animals. Korean J Parasitol 21:224-233.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Leigh WH. 1954. notes on the life history of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>texensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Chandler, 1942) in Florida. J Parasitol 40:45.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Figure 2-9.</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Fibricola</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>texensis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> collected from the small intestine of a raccoon in Texas. </span></span></p>