Cryptocotyle lingua

Cryptocotyle lingua

<p align="CENTER"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Cryptocotyle lingua</b></i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> (Creplin, 1825) Fischoeder, 1903</b></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>ETYMOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Crypto</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (hidden) + </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>cotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (disk) [for the small ventral sucker being incorporated, hidden within, the muscular a ring of small spines around the oral opening] and </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>lingua </i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">for the tongue-like shape of the body.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>SYNONYMS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Hallum caninum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Wigdor, 1918.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HISTORY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This parasite was first described by Creplin in 1825 and placed by Fischoeder in the genus </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cryptocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> in 1903.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This parasite has been reported from North America (Burrows and Lillis, 1965), Europe, and Asia.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LOCATION IN HOST:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Small intestine.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>PARASITE IDENTIFICATION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> This small worm (1.29 to 1.46 mm long by 0.59 to 0.77 wide) differs from </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cryptocotyle concavum</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> in that the body is more tongue-shaped.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The eggs are 34 to 38 µm long by 16 to 20 µm in width.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>LIFE CYCLE:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> The typical final host are gulls and terns. The life cycle was examined by Stunkard (1930) and by Stunkard and Willey (1929) who experimentally infected cats. The snail hosts are the brackish-water and seawater snails </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Littorina littorea</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> and </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Littorina rudis</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">. The cercariae that are released encyst in cunner and other salt-water fishes. Cats become infected by eating the brackish-water fish. The worms rapidly grow to adults, producing patent infections in a week to twenty days.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND PATHOGENESIS</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">: Although experimental infections in cats produced worm development between the intestinal villi, no clinical signs developed. </span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TREATMENT:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Probably praziquantel, but not reported.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>EPIZOOTIOLOGY:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Cats, like the typical bird hosts, become infected by eating raw fish. Animals other than the cat that have been shown to serve as hosts of the adult fluke include the dog.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO OTHER ANIMALS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> None. Although other hosts are infected, the major means of infection is through the ingestion of the fish intermediate host which requires that the appropriate snail also be available. Thus, infection of these other hosts will typically only occur in the wild.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>HAZARD TO HUMANS:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Humans could possibly be infected if they ingested the fish intermediate host.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>CONTROL/PREVENTION:</b></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Prevention of the ingestion of raw fish.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>REFERENCES:</b></span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">s Burrow RB, Lillis WG. 1965. Trematodes of New Jersey dogs and cats. J. Parasitol 51:570-574.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Stunkard HW. 1930. Life history of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cryptocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>lingua</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Crepl.) from the gull and tern. J Morph Physiol 50:143-191.</span></span></p> <p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Stunkard HW, Willey CH. 1929. The development of </span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Cryptocotyle</i></span></span><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> (Heterophyideae) in its final host. Am J Trop Med 9:117-128.</span></span></p>